The editor is responsible for deciding which submitted articles will be published in the journal. These decisions may be guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and must comply with applicable legal requirements concerning libel, copyright infringement, and plagiarism. The editor may consult other editors or peer reviewers when making publication decisions.

Editors must evaluate manuscripts objectively and without discrimination based on the author's race, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy.

Editors and editorial staff must not disclose information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.

Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor's own research without the author's explicit written consent.

Peer review assists editors in making publication decisions and, through communication with authors, can help authors improve the quality of their manuscripts.

Reviewers who feel unqualified to evaluate a manuscript or who cannot complete the review within the required timeframe should promptly notify the editor and withdraw from the review process.

Manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shared or discussed with others unless authorized by the editor.

Reviews must be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Reviewers should express their assessments clearly and support their opinions with sound arguments.

Reviewers should identify relevant published works that have not been cited by the authors. Claims, observations, or arguments previously reported should be supported by appropriate citations. Reviewers should also inform the editor of any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under review and other published works of which they are aware.

Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must remain confidential and must not be used for personal advantage. Reviewers must not evaluate manuscripts when conflicts of interest arise from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with the authors, companies, or institutions associated with the work.

Authors of original research must present an accurate account of the work conducted and an objective discussion of its significance. Research data must be represented accurately, and manuscripts must contain sufficient detail and references to allow the work to be understood and, where applicable, replicated. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable.

Authors must ensure that their work is original. Any use of the ideas, words, or work of others must be appropriately cited or quoted.

Authors must not publish manuscripts presenting essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Simultaneously submitting the same manuscript to multiple journals constitutes unethical publishing behavior.

Authors must properly acknowledge the work of others and cite publications that have significantly influenced their research.

Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made significant contributions to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the study. All individuals who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors, while those who contributed to specific aspects should be appropriately acknowledged or identified as contributors.

The corresponding author must ensure that all appropriate co-authors are included, that no inappropriate co-authors are listed, and that all co-authors have reviewed and approved the final manuscript and agreed to its submission.

All authors must disclose financial or other substantive conflicts of interest that could influence the results or interpretation of their work. All sources of financial support for the research must also be disclosed.

If authors discover significant errors or inaccuracies in their published work, they must promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate in correcting or retracting the article as appropriate.